英文閱讀與作文練習 第一部份  (第2週 99.2.23)

【說明】請寫一篇大約120個字的英文作文，主題為「垃圾減量」。
　　　　 文分兩段：第一 段說明垃圾增加的原因；第二段提出減少垃圾的方法。
【大綱提示】
　第一段:
　1. 對比效果: 正反現象的陳述 (經濟成長 vs. 環境污染)
　2. 列舉壞因:
　　(1) 概括主因
　　(2) 鋪路：準備列舉原因
　　(3) 具體舉例:製造垃圾的人愈來愈多
　　(4) 具體舉例:傾倒垃圾空間不夠
　　(5) 具體舉例:丟棄可以再利用的垃圾
　第二段:
　1. 消滅壞因: 鋪路：準備列舉方法 (垃圾減量)
　2. 列舉方法:
　　(1) 教育民眾：垃圾污染環境並且有害健康
　　(2) 法律約束：制訂法規取締亂丟垃圾的民眾
　　(3) 人情呼籲：呼籲鄰居儘可能多重複使用器物
　3. 總結: 推論 (方法做到----目標必定達成)
【範文】 　
　In spite of the rapid growth of economy and technology, our environment has been seriously polluted. It is mainly because there has been a vast amount of trash. The reasons why we have more and more trash are as follows. First, the number of people who produce trash is on the increase. Second, we do not have enough space to have garbage dumped. Third, a lot of rubbish which can be reused is thrown away by people. 　
　 Here are several ways we can use to help decrease the amount of trash. First, we should get the public re-educated and let them know the fact that trash pollutes our environment and is harmful to our health. Second, we suggest our government enact strict laws to crack down upon people who litter garbage here and there. Third, we can call on our neighbors to reuse as many things which they have used as possible. Thus, we can have a cleaner environment to live in. (162words)

英文作文練習第二部份：用字遣詞、文法句型解析

一、用字遣詞解析：
1. in spite of (儘管；縱使) In spite of his hard work, he failed the exam.
2. a vast amount of (大量的) The great earthquake caused a vast amount of destruction.
3. more and more (愈來愈多) There are more and more cars in the City of Taipei.
4. on the increase (逐漸增加中) Juvenile delinquency is on the increase.
5. be harmful to (對….有害) Smoking is harmful to our health.
6. crack down upon (取締) The police are cracking down upon double parking.
7. here and there (到處) Books can be seen here and there in the library.
8. call on (呼籲) Let's call on the public to stop polluting our environment.
9. as many…as possible (儘可能多…) She's always trying to read as many novels as possible.

二、文法句型解析：  
1. have been + P.P. (過去分詞)
　This plastic bag has been used several times.
2. the reason why + 子句
　The reason why he didn't buy it was because he didn't carry enough money with him.
3. have + 受詞 + P.P. (過去分詞)
　I had my hair cut yesterday.
4. who (which)-clause (關係子句)
　I dislike the people who violate the traffic rules.
　The book which he bought for me is readable.
5. help + (to) + V. (動詞原形)
　Could you help me carry this box?
6. suggest (命令動詞) + that + S. (主詞) + (should) + V. (動詞原形)…
　He suggested that his students be attentive in class.

英文閱讀與作文練習第一部份： (第3週 99.3.2)

【說明】
　　水是我們賴以為生不可或缺的物質。 一旦缺少了水, 我們的生活極有可能 陷入困境。寫一篇大約一百個英文字 (words) 與使用水有關的短文。把文章分成兩段:

第一段說明水帶給人們的好處。

第二段討論如何預防缺水。
【大綱提示】
第一段:
　1. 破題: 以迫切性來凸顯水的重要
　2. 為列舉水的益處舖路
　3. 列舉益處:
　　(1) 具體舉例: 水可用來解渴
　　(2) 具體舉例: 水可用來灌溉農作物
　　(3) 具體舉例: 水可用來洗滌東西
　4. 小結: 肯定水的益處不勝枚舉
第二段:
　1. 舖路: 準備提出預防缺水的方法............(承上啟下因果效果)
　2. 列舉方法:
　　(1) 建水庫儲水 (具體性例子)
　　(2) 淨化使用過的水再使用 (具體性例子)
　　(3) 停止污染水源確保水質 (具體性例子)
　3. 總結: 推論 (方法做到----目標必定達成)
【 範文】
　Nobody can live without water. The importance of water can not be overemphasized. First, it can be used to quench one's thirst. Second, it can be used to irrigate farmland to help crops grow. Furthermore, it can also be used to wash things. Indeed, the advantages of water are too numerous to be fully reckoned.
　Given that we cannot do without water, we must do the following things to make sure of a sufficient supply of water. First, we may as well build reservoirs where water can be stored in case of drought. Second, we had better recycle the water that has already been used so that it is fit to use again. Besides, we should stop polluting our riverheads to ensure good properties of water. Not until we put these ideas into practice can we lead a real convenient and comfortable life. （143 words）

英文作文練習第二部份：用字遣詞、文法句型解析

一、 用字遣詞解析：
1. quench one's thirst解（渴） He quenched his thirst with a glass of water.
2. irrigate（灌溉） The Yangtze irrigates vast stretches of farmland.
3. furthermore (= also; in addition; besides) (此外；再者) The house isn't big enough; furthermore, it's too far from the town.
4. numerous（數目很多的） His collection of stamps is numerous.
5. reckon（計算） Reckon the cost of the trip before you go.
6. supply（量） Bring a large supply of food with you.
7. reservoir 水庫 They went sailing on the local reservoir yesterday.
8. in case of （以防；萬一） You'd better take an umbrella in case of rain.
9. drought （乾旱） We don't like natural disasters such as droughts, earthquakes, or typhoons.

英文作文練習第一部份： (第4週 99.3.9)

【說明】
　　寫一篇大約一百二十個英文字(words)的短文，敘述你上學途中看到什麼、聽到什麼、想到什麼。把文章分成兩段，第一段敘述你麼樣上學、在上學途中遇到那些人、見到那些事物、景象；第二段就所 見所聞敘述你的看法。

【大綱提示】
   第一段:
      1. 上學途中所見（寫出人、事、時）
      2. 事情發生經過 （4句）
        （1）卡車撞高中生摩托車
        （2）摩托車全毀
        （3）學生死亡躺在地上
        （4）父母傷心而哭
     3. 自己感到難過，同情心油然而生

  第二段:
    1 . 提出批評：學生和卡車司機皆應負責任
    2. 如果減速，可以避免悲劇 （假設語氣與過去事實相違背）
    3. 鑑於交通事故之可怕，期待大家遵守交通法規
    4. 結語：交通安全人人有責
    5. 結語：快快樂樂出門，平平安安回家

【範文】
　One morning, on my way to school, I saw a terrible traffic accident. A high school student riding a motorcycle was hit and run over by a truck. The motorcycle was totally destroyed and the student lay killed on the ground. His parents were so sorrowful over the loss of their son that they couldn't help weeping. Such was my grief that I was in tears too and felt sympathy for them.

　 I think both the student and the truck driver had to be responsible for that accident. Had both of them slowed down their speed, they could have avoided this tragedy. Considering that traffic accidents are so terrible, I hope everybody will obey the traffic laws. After all, safety is everybody's business. Thus, we can leave home happily and return home safely. (133 words)

英文作文練習第二部份：用字遣詞、文法句型解析

一、 用字遣詞解析：
    1. on one's way to + 目的地 （在去某某地方的途中）
　    On her way to the library, she bumped into her English teacher.
    2. run over(碾過)
　    She was run over and was immediately taken to hospital.
    3. in tears（流著眼淚）
　    She was in tears at the end of the tragedy.
    4. feel sympathy for（同情…..）
　    She felt sympathy for his sufferings.
    5. be responsible for (為…..負責)
　    She is responsible to her mother for keeping the house tidy.
    6. slowed down（減低速度）
　    The train slowed down its speed as it was approaching the station.
    7. considering that（鑑於；就…..而論）
　    Considering that they're inexperienced, they've done well.
    8. business（責任）
    　It's a teacher's business to make students learn.

二、 文法句型解析：
      1. lie（躺）+ 補語（在某種狀態中）
　      He lay motionless. （他躺著不動）
      2. so …. that… （如此…..以致於…..）[表結果]
　      He's so young that he can't go to school.
      3. cannot help + V-ing （忍不住）
　      Mary couldn't help laughing.
      4. Such …. that…..(…..得…..)
　      Such was her fright that she screamed. (她嚇得尖叫。)
      5. Had both of them slowed down their speed, they could have avoided this tragedy.
　      = If both of them had slowed down their speed, they could have avoided this tragedy.
　      = Neither of them slowed down their speed, so they could not avoid this tragedy.

英文作文練習第一部份：(第5週 99.3.16)

【說明】
　　請以"The Difficulties I Have with Learning English"為題，寫一篇約一百二十個單 字的英文作文，文分兩段，第一段寫出在你修習英語過程中某些學習上的困難； 第二段說明處理這些困難的經過及結果。

【大綱提示】
第一段:
1. 破題：以直接鋪路作為破題（破折號的技巧運用）
2. 列舉困難（一）:閱讀速度慢（結果）
3. 造成閱讀速度慢的（原因）
4. 列舉困難（二）:口語表達會緊張（結果）
5. 造成口語表達會緊張的（原因）

第二段:
1. 舖路：求教英文老師解決閱讀和口語的方法
2. 列舉方法：
　(1)精讀和泛讀 (概念性例子)
　(2)速讀和詳讀 （意譯前句）
　(3)綜合(1)和(2)的結語
　(4)列舉閱讀資料來源
　(5)敢說不必怕犯錯
　(6)鼓勵找老外聊天
3. 總結： 按照老師指導方法做到----目標達成

【範文】

　The Difficulties I Have with Learning English

　The difficulties I have with learning English would make a long list¹ here are two of them. First, I'm a slow reader while reading a long article in an English-language magazine or book. The problem is that my English vocabulary is limited². Second, I feel nervous when speaking English in front of³ others, especially⁴ to foreigners from English-speaking countries. You know⁵, I always use Chinese ways of thinking to use English orally and such is my weakness that I cannot always express my ideas correctly in English.

　I once⁶asked one of my English teachers to show me how to overcome⁷ my difficulties in reading and speaking English. To improve my reading skill, she suggested I should read intensively⁸ and extensively⁹. I can have either a quick or a thorough¹⁰ reading. In other words¹¹, I'd better read as much as possible. I can read English books, magazines, newspapers and so forth¹². To learn to speak English fluently, she advised me not to be afraid to make mistakes. She also encouraged me to seize any opportunities to talk to native speakers. I have done as my English teacher advised and to my pleasure¹³, I've made a lot of progress¹⁴ in English. (200 words.)

英文作文練習第二部份：用字遣詞、文法句型解析

一、 用字遣詞解析：
1. make a long list（列出一長串）
　The things that he complained about would make a long list.
2. limited (少的；有限的)
　Our natural resources are very limited.
3. in front of（在…..之前）
　There's a teacher's desk in front of the blackboard.
4. especially（特別地）
　She likes to help others, especially those who are in need.
　It's especially cold today.
5. you know（如你所知）--- （口語用法）
　I don't like sports, you know.
6. once（曾經）
　He once knew her, but they are no longer friends.
7. overcome（克服）
　He overcame his fear of the dark.
8. intensively（徹底地）
　This case has been intensively investigated.
9. extensively（廣泛地；大規模地）
　These computer programs were extensively modified.
10.thorough（徹底的）
　The police made a thorough search.
11.in other words（換句話說）
　In learning English, we should have a dictionary with us.
　In other words, we cannot learn English without the frequent use of a dictionary.
12.and so forth (= and so on)（…..等等）
　We discussed literature, philosophy, science, history, and so forth.
13.to one's + 情緒名詞---令（某人感到…..）
　To my great surprise, we won!
14. make a lot of progress（進步很多）
　Tony made great progress in Mandarin. Now he can speak good Mandarin.

二、 文法句型解析：
1. have difficulties with…..（碰到…...的難題）
　I've had no difficulties with learning Japanese.
2. The problem is that + 子句.（問題在於…..）
　The problem is that I don't have any money with me.
3. Such…..that…. (…..得…..)
　Such was her fright that she closed her eyes.（她嚇得把眼睛閉了起來。）
4. suggest (建議)+ that + S.（主詞）+ (should) + V.（動詞原形）…..
　I suggested that he (should) leave the room.
5. had better（最好）--- （勸告或建議用語）
　You'd better go.
6. …as ….. as possible（儘可能地）
　Please come as early as possible.
　= Please come as early as you can.
7. advise + 人 + not to + V.（動詞原形）…..（勸告某人不要做…..）
　They were advised not to go abroad.
8. be afraid to + V.（動詞原形）（害怕做…..）
　Don't be afraid to ask questions.
9. do as one advise（照某人的忠告去做）
　I will do as you advise.

英文作文練習第一部份：(第8週 99.4.6)

【說明 】請以"Try One's Best"（竭盡全力）為題，寫一篇大約120個英文字 (words) 的短文。

【大綱提示】
     第一段:
        1. 破題: 凸顯「竭盡全力」的重要性：不竭盡全力則無事可成
        2. 鋪路1：（扣大帽子）大家都想成功
        3. 鋪路2：（扣大帽子）不勞無獲
        4. 具體舉例1：學生要好成績，就得努力準備考試
        5. 具體舉例2：生意人必須盡力，生意才做的好；否則會失敗
        6. 具體舉例3：舉愛迪生為例；盡力；不放棄；終成大發明家
        7. 具體舉例4：舉孫中山為例（若非堅持推翻滿清，如何能建立中華民國）
        8. 結語：不論是誰，只要盡力，遲早會成功

【範文】

Try One's Best （竭盡全力）

　Nothing great could be achieved¹ without trying one's best². It is true that almost everyone hopes for³ success. We also know that "No pains⁴, no gains⁵." For example, a student yearning for⁶ good grades has to try his or her best to prepare for⁷ the exam. So far as⁸ a businessman is concerned, if he'd like to make a success of⁹ his business, he must also try his best, otherwise¹⁰ he may fail. Thomas Alva Edison's effort is another good example¹¹ to us all. He always tried his best; he never gave up¹²; he eventually¹³ became a great inventor. During the early years of the 20th century, had he not persisted in¹⁴ overthrowing the Ch'ing government, Dr. Sun Yat-sen could not have led the Chinese people to help him establish the Republic of China. So, no matter what we are, as long as we try our best, we may succeed sooner or later¹⁵. (153 words)

英文作文練習第二部份：用字遣詞、文法句型解析

一、 用字遣詞解析：
1. achieve（達成）
　Success is achieved by hard work.
　= Hard work brings success.
2. try one's best（竭盡全力）
　They're trying their best to help him.
3. hope for（期待）
　He's hoping for an increase in salary this year.
4. pains（費力；勞苦）
　You should take greater pains with your work.
5. gains（利潤）
　No gains without pains. [諺語]（不勞無獲）
6. yearn for（渴望）
　She yearned for happiness.
7. prepare for（準備）
　Will you help me prepare for the party?
8. so [as] far as ….. be concerned（就…..而言）
　As far as I'm concerned, this is all nonsense.
9. make a success of（順利完成）
　She made a success of her career.
10.otherwise（否則；要不然）
　You must run, otherwise you will be late.
11.example（模範；榜樣）
　He arrived at the office early to set an example to the others.
12. give up（放棄；戒掉）
　The doctor told him to give up sugar and smoking.
13. eventually（最後；終於；結果）
　He worked so hard that eventually he made himself ill.
14. persist in（堅持；固執）
　If you persist in breaking the law, you will go to prison.
15. sooner or later（遲早；早晚）
　Sooner or later she will succeed.